List of Publications
There are numbers of autism related research can be found in Malaysia that generally focus on the ASD, learning disorder, communication aids, therapy and many more. The list of publications is provided below:
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2019 |
Khowaja, K; Salim, S S; Asemi, A; Ghulamani, S; Shah, A Universal Access in the Information Society, 2019, ISSN: 16155289, (cited By 2). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Augmented Reality, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Decoding, Diseases, Language Comprehensions, Maintenance, Mammals, Multi-Modal Interfaces, Post Interventions, Reading Comprehension, Serious Games, Spectrum Analysis, Transfer Information, Virtual Learning Environments, Virtual Reality @article{Khowaja2019c, title = {A systematic review of modalities in computer-based interventions (CBIs) for language comprehension and decoding skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)}, author = {K Khowaja and S S Salim and A Asemi and S Ghulamani and A Shah}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062722488&doi=10.1007%2fs10209-019-00646-1&partnerID=40&md5=7ff6d03104bfe1e04f6b069b265f671a}, doi = {10.1007/s10209-019-00646-1}, issn = {16155289}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Universal Access in the Information Society}, publisher = {Springer Verlag}, abstract = {This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the modalities used in computer-based interventions (CBIs) and the impact of using these interventions in the learning, generalisation, and maintenance of language comprehension and decoding skills for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ending with an appraisal of the certainty of evidence. Despite the importance of both skills in the reading comprehension and overall learning, a limited number of studies have been found. These include seven studies on language comprehension and seven studies on decoding. The shortlisted studies were analysed and a very limited number of modalities were found to have been used; text, graphics, audio, video, and mouse movement are used in all the studies and are termed basic modalities. Statistical analysis was also conducted on three parameters: (1) outcome of the study; (2) generalisation; and (3) maintenance. The analysis showed that CBIs were effective in facilitating these children’s learning; there was a significant improvement in the performance of children from the baseline to during and the post-intervention period. The analysis of generalisation has revealed positive results, indicating that the children were able to transfer information to a different setting or situation. Positive results are also noted from the analysis of maintenance, which indicate that the children retained information following the withdrawal of intervention. The combination of teachers’ instructions and CBI has provided better results than using either of them separately. This study has discovered 23 potential modalities and 2 potential CBIs including serious games and virtual learning environments that can be explored for language comprehension and decoding skills. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.}, note = {cited By 2}, keywords = {Augmented Reality, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Decoding, Diseases, Language Comprehensions, Maintenance, Mammals, Multi-Modal Interfaces, Post Interventions, Reading Comprehension, Serious Games, Spectrum Analysis, Transfer Information, Virtual Learning Environments, Virtual Reality}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the modalities used in computer-based interventions (CBIs) and the impact of using these interventions in the learning, generalisation, and maintenance of language comprehension and decoding skills for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ending with an appraisal of the certainty of evidence. Despite the importance of both skills in the reading comprehension and overall learning, a limited number of studies have been found. These include seven studies on language comprehension and seven studies on decoding. The shortlisted studies were analysed and a very limited number of modalities were found to have been used; text, graphics, audio, video, and mouse movement are used in all the studies and are termed basic modalities. Statistical analysis was also conducted on three parameters: (1) outcome of the study; (2) generalisation; and (3) maintenance. The analysis showed that CBIs were effective in facilitating these children’s learning; there was a significant improvement in the performance of children from the baseline to during and the post-intervention period. The analysis of generalisation has revealed positive results, indicating that the children were able to transfer information to a different setting or situation. Positive results are also noted from the analysis of maintenance, which indicate that the children retained information following the withdrawal of intervention. The combination of teachers’ instructions and CBI has provided better results than using either of them separately. This study has discovered 23 potential modalities and 2 potential CBIs including serious games and virtual learning environments that can be explored for language comprehension and decoding skills. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. |
2018 |
Wahdi, Abdul E V F; Dzulkifli, M A The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in vocabulary learning Conference Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018, ISBN: 9781538675250, (cited By 0). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Assisted Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Language, Vocabulary Learning @conference{AbdulWahdi2018219, title = {The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in vocabulary learning}, author = {E V F Abdul Wahdi and M A Dzulkifli}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060451986&doi=10.1109%2fICT4M.2018.00048&partnerID=40&md5=81d87b5f8564c0edb66e7ece650154cd}, doi = {10.1109/ICT4M.2018.00048}, isbn = {9781538675250}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Proceedings - International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World 2018, ICT4M 2018}, pages = {219-226}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on vocabulary learning for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who are non-native English speakers. A lack of educational strategies may hinder the children from benefitting the most from their education. Previous literature has demonstrated that CAI can be effective in enhancing language development. However, research on the applicability of CAI in the Malaysian context whom majority are non-native English speakers is limited. 29 children with ASD aged four to seven were recruited through purposive sampling from two branches of an autism centre. The present study employed an experimental mixed-design in which the children were assigned to two groups which are CAI and a control group (non-CAI) based on the centre they attended. The CAI group used computer with software program of First Word II while the control group received the conventional teaching instruction. Results of a 2 x 2 mixed ANOVA indicate that there were significant main effects of time (i.e., pre and post intervention) on both participants' receptive and expressive vocabulary learning. Potential explanations of these findings were discussed in this study. Implications, strengths, limitations, and recommendations for future research were also discussed. © 2018 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 0}, keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Assisted Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Language, Vocabulary Learning}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on vocabulary learning for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who are non-native English speakers. A lack of educational strategies may hinder the children from benefitting the most from their education. Previous literature has demonstrated that CAI can be effective in enhancing language development. However, research on the applicability of CAI in the Malaysian context whom majority are non-native English speakers is limited. 29 children with ASD aged four to seven were recruited through purposive sampling from two branches of an autism centre. The present study employed an experimental mixed-design in which the children were assigned to two groups which are CAI and a control group (non-CAI) based on the centre they attended. The CAI group used computer with software program of First Word II while the control group received the conventional teaching instruction. Results of a 2 x 2 mixed ANOVA indicate that there were significant main effects of time (i.e., pre and post intervention) on both participants' receptive and expressive vocabulary learning. Potential explanations of these findings were discussed in this study. Implications, strengths, limitations, and recommendations for future research were also discussed. © 2018 IEEE. |
2017 |
Lau, B T; Win, K M IGI Global, 2017, ISBN: 9781522528395; 1522528385; 9781522528388, (cited By 1). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Interactive Learning Environment, Social Skills, Social Stories, Social Story Interventions, Special Education, Teaching, Web-Based @book{Lau2017300, title = {Differentiated animated social stories to enhance social skills acquisition of children with autism spectrum disorder}, author = {B T Lau and K M Win}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028888837&doi=10.4018%2f978-1-5225-2838-8.ch014&partnerID=40&md5=ea1db1243d6d84549feafb5dc96d8d82}, doi = {10.4018/978-1-5225-2838-8.ch014}, isbn = {9781522528395; 1522528385; 9781522528388}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Handbook of Research on Human Development in the Digital Age}, pages = {300-329}, publisher = {IGI Global}, abstract = {This study developed a web-based social skills intervention system accessible via a tablet/laptop computer which combines differentiated instructions, social stories, multimedia, and animations. This creates an interactive learning environment which (1) allows children to learn social skills repeatedly and pervasively; and (2) promotes teacher/caretaker-parent collaborations to boost the ASD children's social skills acquisition as, a simple logon to the portal enables parents/ caretakers and teachers to view the media prepared by others; track and reinforce the skills a child has learnt at home/ in school, and add his/her social stories which others can view. The prototype evaluation and observation of voluntary participants from the special education school who were treated with differentiated animated social stories demonstrates that digital-based differentiated social story interventions have made the learning of social skills more interactive, appealing and effective compared to the traditional social skill tools. © 2018 IGI Global. All rights reserved.}, note = {cited By 1}, keywords = {Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Interactive Learning Environment, Social Skills, Social Stories, Social Story Interventions, Special Education, Teaching, Web-Based}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } This study developed a web-based social skills intervention system accessible via a tablet/laptop computer which combines differentiated instructions, social stories, multimedia, and animations. This creates an interactive learning environment which (1) allows children to learn social skills repeatedly and pervasively; and (2) promotes teacher/caretaker-parent collaborations to boost the ASD children's social skills acquisition as, a simple logon to the portal enables parents/ caretakers and teachers to view the media prepared by others; track and reinforce the skills a child has learnt at home/ in school, and add his/her social stories which others can view. The prototype evaluation and observation of voluntary participants from the special education school who were treated with differentiated animated social stories demonstrates that digital-based differentiated social story interventions have made the learning of social skills more interactive, appealing and effective compared to the traditional social skill tools. © 2018 IGI Global. All rights reserved. |
Kamaruzaman, M F; Noor, H M; Hanapiah, F A; Azahari, M H H Efficacy of DTT by using touchscreen learning numeracy App for children with autism Conference Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017, ISBN: 9781509015955, (cited By 1). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Application Design, Behaviour Analysis, Cause and Effects, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Education, Engineering Education, Interactive Learning, Learning, Scaffolds, Statistics, Teaching, Windows Platform @conference{Kamaruzaman2017198, title = {Efficacy of DTT by using touchscreen learning numeracy App for children with autism}, author = {M F Kamaruzaman and H M Noor and F A Hanapiah and M H H Azahari}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015855570&doi=10.1109%2fICEED.2016.7856071&partnerID=40&md5=7c8bf72171f0671937980837ef25a7cf}, doi = {10.1109/ICEED.2016.7856071}, isbn = {9781509015955}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Engineering Education: Enhancing Engineering Education Through Academia-Industry Collaboration, ICEED 2016}, pages = {198-201}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {Touchscreen assistive learning numeracy application (TaLNA) is a touchscreen learning based application design for Children with Autism. TaLNA has been developed based on the concept of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) called discrete trial training (DTT). This app will be used by teachers and instructors as a platform to facilitate children with autism on learning basic numeracy development in special schools. Thus, this study will investigate the efficacy and the effect of touchscreen assistive learning towards the children with autism. This app will run on Android and Windows platform. At an economical price range, the touchscreen assistive learning will have an immediate cause and effect response that enables the children with autism to be more independent during the scaffolds learning process. Hence it is an essence enhancement for children with autism management in and outside the classroom. This app is embedded with animated and interactive learning which has the potential to keep the children with autism motivated and engaged. It is a hope that TaLNA may inspire the instructional learning environment for children with autism, which could avail boost in early childcare education (ECCE). © 2016 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 1}, keywords = {Application Design, Behaviour Analysis, Cause and Effects, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Education, Engineering Education, Interactive Learning, Learning, Scaffolds, Statistics, Teaching, Windows Platform}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Touchscreen assistive learning numeracy application (TaLNA) is a touchscreen learning based application design for Children with Autism. TaLNA has been developed based on the concept of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) called discrete trial training (DTT). This app will be used by teachers and instructors as a platform to facilitate children with autism on learning basic numeracy development in special schools. Thus, this study will investigate the efficacy and the effect of touchscreen assistive learning towards the children with autism. This app will run on Android and Windows platform. At an economical price range, the touchscreen assistive learning will have an immediate cause and effect response that enables the children with autism to be more independent during the scaffolds learning process. Hence it is an essence enhancement for children with autism management in and outside the classroom. This app is embedded with animated and interactive learning which has the potential to keep the children with autism motivated and engaged. It is a hope that TaLNA may inspire the instructional learning environment for children with autism, which could avail boost in early childcare education (ECCE). © 2016 IEEE. |
Dzulkifli, M A; Wahdi, E V F A; Rahman, A W A Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017, ISBN: 9781509045211, (cited By 3). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Assisted Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Education, Educational Strategy, Language Development, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Teaching, Vocabulary Learning, Well Intervention @conference{Dzulkifli201747, title = {A review for future research and practice in using computer assisted instruction on vocabulary learning among children with autism spectrum disorder}, author = {M A Dzulkifli and E V F A Wahdi and A W A Rahman}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013059526&doi=10.1109%2fICT4M.2016.21&partnerID=40&md5=c78e01f1ebd8c062011d42d8853ce4fd}, doi = {10.1109/ICT4M.2016.21}, isbn = {9781509045211}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Proceedings - 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World, ICT4M 2016}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {A lack of educational strategies may hinder students from benefiting the most from their education. The existing public or government schools do not adequately accommodate children with special needs in terms of providing them with good syllabuses as well interventions. Instead, various forms of pervasive developmental disorders are frequently placed in special education classes without an accurate diagnosis. This is something that needs to be rectified because every disability requires different needs and attention. In children with special needs such as children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it warrants diverse teaching methods to be used. While the use of computer assisted instructions (CAIs) in the West has been found to be effective for children with ASD, research regarding the applicability of CAIs to cater for the learning process of children with special needs in the Malaysian context is still lacking. The present paper reviews previous studies that have employed CAIs to enhance language development of children with ASD. Following this, it recommends future research that incorporates the use of CAI to improve vocabulary learning of children with ASD who are non-native English speakers. © 2016 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 3}, keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Assisted Instruction, Diseases, E-learning, Education, Educational Strategy, Language Development, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Teaching, Vocabulary Learning, Well Intervention}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } A lack of educational strategies may hinder students from benefiting the most from their education. The existing public or government schools do not adequately accommodate children with special needs in terms of providing them with good syllabuses as well interventions. Instead, various forms of pervasive developmental disorders are frequently placed in special education classes without an accurate diagnosis. This is something that needs to be rectified because every disability requires different needs and attention. In children with special needs such as children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it warrants diverse teaching methods to be used. While the use of computer assisted instructions (CAIs) in the West has been found to be effective for children with ASD, research regarding the applicability of CAIs to cater for the learning process of children with special needs in the Malaysian context is still lacking. The present paper reviews previous studies that have employed CAIs to enhance language development of children with ASD. Following this, it recommends future research that incorporates the use of CAI to improve vocabulary learning of children with ASD who are non-native English speakers. © 2016 IEEE. |
2016 |
Aziz, N S A; Ahmad, W F W; Hashim, A S Development phase of mobile numerical application for children with autism: Math4Autism Conference Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016, ISBN: 9781509051342, (cited By 1). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Autism, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Development Phase, Diseases, E-learning, Information and Communications Technology, Information Science, Learning, Life Cycle, Mobile Applications, Mobile Devices, Mobile Learning, Numerical Applications, Software Prototyping, Teaching @conference{Aziz2016542, title = {Development phase of mobile numerical application for children with autism: Math4Autism}, author = {N S A Aziz and W F W Ahmad and A S Hashim}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010461776&doi=10.1109%2fICCOINS.2016.7783273&partnerID=40&md5=092bea803c38715887a236f5a14af3d9}, doi = {10.1109/ICCOINS.2016.7783273}, isbn = {9781509051342}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {2016 3rd International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences, ICCOINS 2016 - Proceedings}, pages = {542-546}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {The use of mobile devices in teaching and learning has intensified in this era of information and communication technology. The utilization of mobile learning application created learning beyond the boundaries of four wall of the traditional classrooms. The mobile learning application can be used everywhere at any time. This fits the restraint of the children with autism. The development lifecycle used to develop the working prototype, was adapted from ADDIE lifecycle which consists of five phases; analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This paper objectively presents the development phase of the Math4Autism development lifecycle. Math4Autism is a prototype of mobile learning application developed for the children with Autism to learn basic numbers, basic shapes and sizes. This paper discusses the tools used in developing the working prototype and presents the menu hierarchy for the prototype. The working prototype was tested to ensure its functionality works and free from errors. The result shows that the working prototype is ready to be tested to the real users. © 2016 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 1}, keywords = {Autism, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Development Phase, Diseases, E-learning, Information and Communications Technology, Information Science, Learning, Life Cycle, Mobile Applications, Mobile Devices, Mobile Learning, Numerical Applications, Software Prototyping, Teaching}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } The use of mobile devices in teaching and learning has intensified in this era of information and communication technology. The utilization of mobile learning application created learning beyond the boundaries of four wall of the traditional classrooms. The mobile learning application can be used everywhere at any time. This fits the restraint of the children with autism. The development lifecycle used to develop the working prototype, was adapted from ADDIE lifecycle which consists of five phases; analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. This paper objectively presents the development phase of the Math4Autism development lifecycle. Math4Autism is a prototype of mobile learning application developed for the children with Autism to learn basic numbers, basic shapes and sizes. This paper discusses the tools used in developing the working prototype and presents the menu hierarchy for the prototype. The working prototype was tested to ensure its functionality works and free from errors. The result shows that the working prototype is ready to be tested to the real users. © 2016 IEEE. |
2015 |
Shamsuddin, S; Yussof, H; Hanapiah, F A; Mohamed, S; Jamil, N F F; Yunus, F W Robot-Assisted learning for communication-care in autism intervention Conference 2015-September , IEEE Computer Society, 2015, ISSN: 19457898, (cited By 5). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anthropomorphic Robots, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Communication Skills, Computer Aided Instruction, Diseases, Education, Educational Settings, Human Robot Interaction, Humanoid Robot, Learning, Robotics, Robots, Specific Interaction, Teaching @conference{Shamsuddin2015822, title = {Robot-Assisted learning for communication-care in autism intervention}, author = {S Shamsuddin and H Yussof and F A Hanapiah and S Mohamed and N F F Jamil and F W Yunus}, editor = {Campolo D Braun D. Yu H.}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946072425&doi=10.1109%2fICORR.2015.7281304&partnerID=40&md5=3048519732d8127b2307d17a12e46463}, doi = {10.1109/ICORR.2015.7281304}, issn = {19457898}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics}, volume = {2015-September}, pages = {822-827}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, abstract = {Robot-based intervention for children with autism is an evolving research niche in human-robot interaction (HRI). Recent studies have covered the role of robots in clinical and experimental setting but not much on integrating them in educational setting. Our previous work had shown that interaction with a robot poses no adverse effects and that the robot's specific interaction scenarios were associated with less autistic behavior. Extending this impact on school-going children, interactions that are in-Tune with special education lessons are needed. This study aims to propose the integration of a robot into current learning environment for children with special needs, specifically autism. Six interaction scenarios had been designed based on the existing syllabus to teach communication skills, using the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) technique as the framework. Development of the robotic experience for learning also covers the required set-up involving participation from teachers. The actual research conduct involving school children, teachers and robot shall take place in the next phase. © 2015 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 5}, keywords = {Anthropomorphic Robots, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children with Autism, Communication Skills, Computer Aided Instruction, Diseases, Education, Educational Settings, Human Robot Interaction, Humanoid Robot, Learning, Robotics, Robots, Specific Interaction, Teaching}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Robot-based intervention for children with autism is an evolving research niche in human-robot interaction (HRI). Recent studies have covered the role of robots in clinical and experimental setting but not much on integrating them in educational setting. Our previous work had shown that interaction with a robot poses no adverse effects and that the robot's specific interaction scenarios were associated with less autistic behavior. Extending this impact on school-going children, interactions that are in-Tune with special education lessons are needed. This study aims to propose the integration of a robot into current learning environment for children with special needs, specifically autism. Six interaction scenarios had been designed based on the existing syllabus to teach communication skills, using the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) technique as the framework. Development of the robotic experience for learning also covers the required set-up involving participation from teachers. The actual research conduct involving school children, teachers and robot shall take place in the next phase. © 2015 IEEE. |
2014 |
Kamaruzaman, M F; Azahari, M H H Form design development study on autistic counting skill learning application Conference Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014, ISBN: 9781479945559, (cited By 10). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Autistic Children, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Counting Skill, Design Process, Diseases, Education, Embedded Technology, Engineering Education, Learning, Theoretical Framework, Touchscreens @conference{Kamaruzaman201470, title = {Form design development study on autistic counting skill learning application}, author = {M F Kamaruzaman and M H H Azahari}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925947367&doi=10.1109%2fI4CT.2014.6914148&partnerID=40&md5=60cc4a83e2af10b36fafacd86d05c6c3}, doi = {10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914148}, isbn = {9781479945559}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {I4CT 2014 - 1st International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology, Proceedings}, pages = {70-74}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, abstract = {Children with autism have their own set of impairments that affect their developments. Thus, the chance to attain self-determination may be critical for most if not all of autistic children. However, it is essential for them to obtain vital skill system in order to achieve a certain level of independent. Thus, it is necessary for every autistic children to acquire basic counting skills to enhance their self-determination. With the emergence of assistive learning technology such as Smartphone, PDA, tablets and laptop with touch screen facility, there are new certain ways to enrich the quality of life for individuals with autism. This study aims to explore the basic counting skills based dynamic visual for children with autism that will possibly be of assistance to parents, educators and facilitators in the development of digital assistive learning tools to meet the needs of autistic children's learning environment. From the proposed theoretical framework, an application was designed and tested on some of autistic users. Based on the observation of the experiment, the users showed positive attitude towards the outcome of the application. © 2014 IEEE.}, note = {cited By 10}, keywords = {Autistic Children, Children with Autism, Computer Aided Instruction, Counting Skill, Design Process, Diseases, Education, Embedded Technology, Engineering Education, Learning, Theoretical Framework, Touchscreens}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } Children with autism have their own set of impairments that affect their developments. Thus, the chance to attain self-determination may be critical for most if not all of autistic children. However, it is essential for them to obtain vital skill system in order to achieve a certain level of independent. Thus, it is necessary for every autistic children to acquire basic counting skills to enhance their self-determination. With the emergence of assistive learning technology such as Smartphone, PDA, tablets and laptop with touch screen facility, there are new certain ways to enrich the quality of life for individuals with autism. This study aims to explore the basic counting skills based dynamic visual for children with autism that will possibly be of assistance to parents, educators and facilitators in the development of digital assistive learning tools to meet the needs of autistic children's learning environment. From the proposed theoretical framework, an application was designed and tested on some of autistic users. Based on the observation of the experiment, the users showed positive attitude towards the outcome of the application. © 2014 IEEE. |