@article{Charara2017,
title = {The burden of mental disorders in the eastern mediterranean region, 1990-2013},
author = {R Charara and M Forouzanfar and M Naghavi and M Moradi-Lakeh and A Afshin and T Vos and F Daoud and H Wang and C E Bcheraoui and I Khalil and R R Hamadeh and A Khosravi and V Rahimi-Movaghar and Y Khader and N Al-Hamad and C M Obermeyer and A Rafay and R Asghar and S M Rana and A Shaheen and N M E Abu-Rmeileh and A Husseini and L J Abu-Raddad and T Khoja and Z A A Rayess and F S AlBuhairan and M Hsairi and M A Alomari and R Ali and G Roshandel and A S Terkawi and S Hamidi and A H Refaat and R Westerman and A A Kiadaliri and A S Akanda and S D Ali and U Bacha and A Badawi and S Bazargan-Hejazi and I A D Faghmous and S -M Fereshtehnejad and F Fischer and J B Jonas and B K Defo and A Mehari and S B Omer and F Pourmalek and O A Uthman and A A Mokdad and F T Maalouf and F Abd-Allah and N Akseer and D Arya and R Borschmann and A Brazinova and T S Brugha and F Catala-Lopez and L Degenhardt and A Ferrari and J M Haro and M Horino and J C Hornberger and H Huang and C Kieling and D Kim and Y Kim and A K Knudsen and P B Mitchell and G Patton and R Sagar and M Satpathy and K Savuon and S Seedat and I Shiue and J C Skogen and D J Stein and K M Tabb and H A Whiteford and P Yip and N Yonemoto and C J L Murray and A H Mokdad},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009892168&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0169575&partnerID=40&md5=471830ec1239e37c6fc4681bed5698f6},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0169575},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
abstract = {The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost-YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability-YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25-49 age group, with a peak in the 35-39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders Burden of Mental Disorders in EMR PLOS ONE in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region. © 2017 Charara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
note = {cited By 30},
keywords = {80 and Over, Adolescent, Adult, Age, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety Disorder, Article, Attention Deficit Disorder, Autism, Bipolar Disorder, Children, Conduct Disorder, Depression, Elderly People, Female, Global Health, Groups by Age, Health Status, Highest Income Group, Human, Infant, Intellectual Impairment, Kuwait, Life Expectancy, Major Clinical Study, Male, Mediterranean Region, Mental Disease, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Mental Health Service, Middle Aged, Middle Income Group, Mortality, Newborn, Palestine, Premature Mortality, Preschool, Preschool Child, Prevalence, Qatar, Quality Adjusted Life Year, Schizophrenia, Sex Difference, Sex Factors, Southern Europe, Time Factor, Time Factors, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Freeth20132569,
title = {A cross-cultural comparison of autistic traits in the UK, India and Malaysia},
author = {M Freeth and E Sheppard and R Ramachandran and E Milne},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886802970&doi=10.1007%2fs10803-013-1808-9&partnerID=40&md5=d8acde51c0626be3862facc1d6bc493c},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9},
issn = {01623257},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders},
volume = {43},
number = {11},
pages = {2569-2583},
abstract = {The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world. However, the diagnostic criteria and theories of autism are based on research predominantly conducted in Western cultures. Here we compare the expression of autistic traits in a sample of neurotypical individuals from one Western culture (UK) and two Eastern cultures (India and Malaysia), using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) in order to identify possible cultural differences in the expression of autistic traits. Behaviours associated with autistic traits were reported to a greater extent in the Eastern cultures than the Western culture. Males scored higher than females and science students scored higher than non-science students in each culture. Indian students scored higher than both other groups on the Imagination sub-scale, Malaysian students scored higher than both other groups on the Attention Switching sub-scale. The underlying factor structures of the AQ for each population were derived and discussed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
note = {cited By 39},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Article, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Attention, Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autism Spectrum Quotient, Communication Skills, Comparative Study, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Factor, Ethnicity, Female, Great Britain, Human, Human Experiment, Imagination, India, Indian, Malaysia, Male, Personality, Phenotype, Postgraduate Student, Priority Journal, Psychometry, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Adaptation, Spectrum, Students, Undergraduate Student, United Kingdom, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}