@article{Nor2019,
title = {Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and associated risk factors},
author = {N K Nor and A H Ghozali and J Ismail},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064414280&doi=10.3389%2ffped.2019.00038&partnerID=40&md5=4bb61b1df043a4adf79618e223d77f26},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2019.00038},
issn = {22962360},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Pediatrics},
volume = {7},
number = {FEB},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {Introduction: Prevalence of obesity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been reported to be higher than in the general population. Determining prevalence may help increase awareness of obesity in ASD and potentially lead to initiatives to reduce obesity. In order to understand obesity in ASD children, common risk factors were assessed including physical activity, feeding problems and sleep disturbances. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed at the Child Development Center at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center on 151 ASD children aged 2-18 years. Anthropometric and demographic information were obtained and parents completed three questionnaires; Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Physical Activity for Older Children Questionnaire (PAQ-C) and Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire (BAMBI). Results: For ASD children in our sample, the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥85th to < 95th percentiles) was 11.3% and the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) was 21.9%. The overweight/obese ASD children's median age was higher at 8.5 years (IQR 5.81-10.13) compared to the normal/underweight group of 6.33 years (IQR 4.75-7.7) with a p-value of 0.001. The two groups also differed significantly for maternal BMI and paternal age. The median maternal BMI in the overweight/obese group was 26.05 (IQR 23.35-32.25), statistically significantly higher (p = 0.003) than in the non-overweight/obese group, 24.7 (IQR 21-27.9). The median paternal age of 40 years (IQR 37-44) was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.039) in the overweight/obese group, compared to the median paternal age in the non-overweight/obese group of 38 (IQR 35-42). The male overweight/obese children had median PAQ-C score of 2.44 (IQR 2.00-3.00) vs. 2.89 (IQR 2.35-3.53) in the counterpart group with a p-value of 0.01. Using the multiple linear regression stepwise method, three predictors associated with BMI percentiles reached a statistical level of significance; PAQ-C score in males (p < 0.001), the BAMBI domains of Food Refusal (p = 0.001) and Limited Variety of Food (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is high among Malaysian ASD children and adolescents. Older child age, high maternal BMI, older paternal age, low physical activity, low likelihood of food refusal and high likelihood of food selectivity were found to be risk factors for high BMI in these children. © 2019 Kamal Nor, Ghozali and Ismail.},
note = {cited By 5},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Article, Autism, Body Mass, Brief Autism Mealtime Beahavior Questionnaire, Child Development, Childhood Obesity, Children, Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Controlled Study, Cross-Sectional Study, Feeding Difficulty, Female, Food Refusal, Human, Major Clinical Study, Malaysian, Male, Mother, Paternal Age, Physical Activity, Physical Activity for Older Children Questionnaire, Prevalence, Questionnaires, Risk Factor, Sleep Disorder, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Al-Hiyali201886,
title = {A review in modification food-intake behavior by brain stimulation: Excess weight cases},
author = {M I Al-Hiyali and A J Ishak and H Harun and S A Ahmad and W A Wan Sulaiman},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062843670&doi=10.14704%2fnq.2018.16.12.1894&partnerID=40&md5=235f66cef05a144be23472641f70bd1d},
doi = {10.14704/nq.2018.16.12.1894},
issn = {13035150},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {NeuroQuantology},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {86-97},
publisher = {Anka Publishers},
abstract = {Obesity and overweight are frequently prescribed for dysfunction in food-intake behavior. Due to the widely prevalence of obesity in last year’s, there is demand for more studies which are aimed to modify the food-intake behavior. For the past decades many researches has applied in modify food-intake by brain training or stimulation. This review for neuroscience studies in modifying food-intake behavior, it’s involved three sections; The first section explained the role of brain activity in food-intake regulation, general ideas about biomedical devices in food-intake behavior are discussed in second section and third section focused on brain-stimulation systems. Finally, this paper concluded with main points that need to be taken into account when designing experimental study for modification food-intake behavior by brain stimulation according to previous studies recommendation and challenges. © 2018, Anka Publishers. All Rights Reserved.},
note = {cited By 2},
keywords = {Amygdala, Anoxia, Article, Autism, Binge Eating Disorder, Body Mass, Body Weight, Brain Depth Stimulation, Depolarization, Dietary Intake, Drug Craving, Eating Disorder, Electric Current, Electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, Energy Consumption, Energy Expenditure, Feeding Behavior, Food Intake, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Gender, Health Status, Homeostasis, Human, Hunger, Lifestyle, Nerve Cell Membrane Steady Potential, Nerve Excitability, Neurofeedback, Neuromodulation, Nutritional Assessment, Outcome Assessment, Questionnaires, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Signal Processing, Training, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Underweight},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}