@article{Mohamad2019343,
title = {The α5-Containing GABA A Receptors—a Brief Summary},
author = {F H Mohamad and A T C Has},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059596842&doi=10.1007%2fs12031-018-1246-4&partnerID=40&md5=7b2ba0dc86c6c3f890f226cad8195ee5},
doi = {10.1007/s12031-018-1246-4},
issn = {08958696},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Molecular Neuroscience},
volume = {67},
number = {2},
pages = {343-351},
publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
abstract = {GABA A receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the human brain. The receptors are assembled from combination of protein subunits in pentameric complex which may consist of α1–6, β1–3, γ1–3, ρ1–3, δ, ε, θ, or π subunits. There are a theoretical > 150,000 possible assemblies and arrangements of GABA A subunits, although only a few combinations have been found in human with the most dominant consists of 2α1, 2β2, and 1γ2 in a counterclockwise arrangement as seen from the synaptic cleft. The receptors also possess binding sites for various unrelated substances including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and anesthetics. The α5-containing GABA A Rs only make up ≤ 5% of the entire receptor population, but up to 25% of the receptor subtype is located in the crucial learning and memory-associated area of the brain—the hippocampus, which has ignited myriads of hypotheses and theories in regard to its role. As well as exhibiting synaptic phasic inhibition, the α5-containing receptors are also extrasynaptic and mediate tonic inhibition with continuously occurring smaller amplitude. Studies on negative-allosteric modulators for reducing this tonic inhibition have been shown to enhance learning and memory in neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Down syndrome, and autism with a possible alternative benzodiazepine binding site. Therefore, a few α5 subunit-specific compounds have been developed to address these pharmacological needs. With its small population, the α5-containing receptors could be the key and also the answer for many untreated cognitive dysfunctions and disorders. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},
note = {cited By 1},
keywords = {4 Aminobutyric Acid, 4 Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor, Alpha5 Containing 4 Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor, Animals, Autism, Brain, Cognitive Defect, Cognitive Dysfunction, Drug Effect, GABA Agents, GABA-A, GABAergic Receptor Affecting Agent, Genetics, Human, Metabolism, Nonhuman, Protein Subunit, Protein Subunits, Receptors, Review, Schizophrenia, Unclassified Drug},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bhat2014841,
title = {Autism: Cause factors, early diagnosis and therapies},
author = {S Bhat and U R Acharya and H Adeli and G M Bairy and A Adeli},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925284617&doi=10.1515%2frevneuro-2014-0056&partnerID=40&md5=caaa32e66af70e70ec325241d01564c9},
doi = {10.1515/revneuro-2014-0056},
issn = {03341763},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Reviews in the Neurosciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {841-850},
publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstract = {Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by neuropsychological and behavioral deficits. Cognitive impairment, lack of social skills, and stereotyped behavior are the major autistic symptoms, visible after a certain age. It is one of the fastest growing disabilities. Its current prevalence rate in the U.S. estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 1 in 68 births. The genetic and physiological structure of the brain is studied to determine the pathology of autism, but diagnosis of autism at an early age is challenging due to the existing phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity among ASD individuals. Volumetric and neuroimaging techniques are explored to elucidate the neuroanatomy of the ASD brain. Nuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of ASD. This paper presents a review of the types of autism, etiologies, early detection, and treatment of ASD. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.},
note = {cited By 52},
keywords = {4 Aminobutyric Acid, Adolescent, Agenesis of Corpus Callosum, Animal Assisted Therapy, Anticonvulsive Agent, Article, Assistive Technology, Attention, Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Behaviour Therapy, Biological Marker, Brain, Child Development Disorders, Children, Cognition, Cystine, Developmental Disorders, Diseases, Dolphin, Dolphin Assisted Therapy, DSM-5, Early Diagnosis, Emotion, Facial Expression, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional Neuroimaging, Gaze, Glutathione, Glutathione Disulfide, Human, Infant, Interpersonal Communication, Methionine, Nervous System Inflammation, Neurobiology, Neurofeedback, Oxidative Stress, Pervasive, Physiology, Preschool Child, Priority Journal, Psychoeducation, School Child, Social Interactions, Speech Therapy, Virtual Reality, Zonisamide},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}