@artikel{Nor2019,
tajuk = {Kelebihan berat badan berlebihan dan obesiti di kalangan kanak-kanak dan remaja dengan gangguan spektrum autisme dan faktor risiko yang berkaitan},
pengarang = {N K Nor dan A H Ghozali dan J Ismail},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-85064414280&dua = 10.3389% 2kurang.2019.00038&rakan kongsi = 40&md5 = 4bb61b1df043a4adf79618e223d77f26},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2019.00038},
terbitan = {22962360},
tahun = {2019},
tarikh = {2019-01-01},
jurnal = {Sempadan dalam Pediatrik},
isi padu = {7},
nombor = {FEB},
penerbit = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstrak = {Pengenalan: Prevalensi obesiti dalam Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) telah dilaporkan lebih tinggi daripada pada populasi umum. Menentukan prevalensi dapat membantu meningkatkan kesedaran mengenai kegemukan pada ASD dan berpotensi membawa kepada inisiatif untuk mengurangkan kegemukan. Untuk memahami kegemukan pada kanak-kanak ASD, faktor risiko biasa dinilai termasuk aktiviti fizikal, masalah makan dan gangguan tidur. Kaedah: Ini adalah kajian keratan rentas yang dilakukan di Pusat Perkembangan Kanak-kanak di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 151 Kanak-kanak ASD berumur 2-18 tahun. Maklumat antropometrik dan demografi diperoleh dan ibu bapa melengkapkan tiga soal selidik; Soal Selidik Tabiat Tidur Kanak-kanak (CSHQ), Soal Selidik Aktiviti Fizikal untuk Kanak-kanak Tua (PAQ-C) dan Soal Selidik Tingkah Laku Waktu Makan Autisme Ringkas (BAMBI). Keputusan: Untuk kanak-kanak ASD dalam sampel kami, kelaziman berat badan berlebihan (BMI ≥85 hingga < 95th percentiles) was 11.3% and the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) was 21.9%. The overweight/obese ASD children's median age was higher at 8.5 years (IQR 5.81-10.13) compared to the normal/underweight group of 6.33 years (IQR 4.75-7.7) with a p-value of 0.001. The two groups also differed significantly for maternal BMI and paternal age. The median maternal BMI in the overweight/obese group was 26.05 (IQR 23.35-32.25), statistically significantly higher (p = 0.003) than in the non-overweight/obese group, 24.7 (IQR 21-27.9). The median paternal age of 40 years (IQR 37-44) was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.039) in the overweight/obese group, compared to the median paternal age in the non-overweight/obese group of 38 (IQR 35-42). The male overweight/obese children had median PAQ-C score of 2.44 (IQR 2.00-3.00) vs. 2.89 (IQR 2.35-3.53) in the counterpart group with a p-value of 0.01. Using the multiple linear regression stepwise method, three predictors associated with BMI percentiles reached a statistical level of significance; PAQ-C score in males (p < 0.001), the BAMBI domains of Food Refusal (p = 0.001) and Limited Variety of Food (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is high among Malaysian ASD children and adolescents. Older child age, high maternal BMI, older paternal age, low physical activity, low likelihood of food refusal and high likelihood of food selectivity were found to be risk factors for high BMI in these children. © 2019 Kamal Nor, Ghozali and Ismail.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 5},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Dewasa, Artikel, Autisme, Berat badan, Soal Selidik Bingkah Lakuan Autisme Ringkas, Pembangunan kanak-kanak, Obesiti Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Soal Selidik Tabiat Tidur Kanak-kanak, Kajian Terkawal, Kajian Lintas Bahagian, Kesukaran Memberi Makan, Perempuan, Penolakan Makanan, Manusia, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Orang Malaysia, Lelaki, Ibu, Zaman Bapa, Aktiviti fizikal, Soal Selidik Aktiviti Fizikal untuk Kanak-kanak Tua, Kelaziman, Soal selidik, Faktor risiko, Gangguan Tidur, Berat badan kurang},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Pandi-Perumal2007995,
tajuk = {Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep: Therapeutic implications},
pengarang = {S R Pandi-Perumal and V Srinivasan and D W Spence and D P Cardinali},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36248949004&doi=10.2165%2f00023210-200721120-00004&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=489ee976fa444beb95b26cdb77b722c2},
doi = {10.2165/00023210-200721120-00004},
terbitan = {11727047},
tahun = {2007},
tarikh = {2007-01-01},
jurnal = {CNS Drugs},
isi padu = {21},
nombor = {12},
halaman = {995-1018},
abstrak = {The circadian rhythm of pineal melatonin secretion, which is controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is reflective of mechanisms that are involved in the control of the sleep/wake cycle. Melatonin can influence sleep-promoting and sleep/wake rhythm-regulating actions through the specific activation of MT1 (melatonin 1a) and MT2 (melatonin 1b) receptors, the two major melatonin receptor subtypes found in mammals. Both receptors are highly concentrated in the SCN. In diurnal animals, exogenous melatonin induces sleep over a wide range of doses. In healthy humans, melatonin also induces sleep, although its maximum hypnotic effectiveness, as shown by studies of the timing of dose administration, is influenced by the circadian phase. In both young and elderly individuals with primary insomnia, nocturnal plasma melatonin levels tend to be lower than those in healthy controls. There are data indicating that, in affected individuals, melatonin therapy may be beneficial for ameliorating insomnia symptoms. Melatonin has been successfully used to treat insomnia in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism, as well as in other neurodevelopmental disorders in which sleep disturbance is commonly reported. In circadian rhythm sleep disorders, such as delayed sleep-phase syndrome, melatonin can significantly advance the phase of the sleep/wake rhythm. Begitu juga, among shift workers or individuals experiencing jet lag, melatonin is beneficial for promoting adjustment to work schedules and improving sleep quality. The hypnotic and rhythm-regulating properties of melatonin and its agonists (ramelteon, agomelatine) make them an important addition to the armamentarium of drugs for treating primary and secondary insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. © 2007 Adis Data Information BV. Hak cipta terpelihara.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 90},
kata kunci = {Absence of Side Effects, Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase, Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome, Agomelatine, Alpha Tocopherol, Alzheimer Disease, Haiwan, Ascorbic Acid, Beta Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent, Biosynthesis, Circadian Rhythm, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Clinical Trial, Confusion, Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome, Drowsiness, Drug Dose Comparison, Drug Efficacy, Drug Half Life, Drug Mechanism, Fatigue, Fluvoxamine, Headache, Hormone Metabolism, Manusia, Hypnosis, Hypothalamus, Insomnia, Jet Lag, Macaca, Melatonin, Melatonin Receptor, Muscle Cramp, Nausea, Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome, Bukan Manusia, Noradrenalin, Pineal Body, Jurnal Keutamaan, Ekspresi Protein, Ramelteon, Rat Strain, Receptor Density, Receptors, REM Sleep, Retina Ganglion Cell, Kaji semula, Serotonin, Shift Worker, Sleep, Gangguan Tidur, Sleep Waking Cycle, Smith Magenis Syndrome, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Sustained Drug Release, Vomiting},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}