@artikel{Ramachandram2019372,
tajuk = {Clinical characteristics and demographic profile of children with autism spectrum disorder (Asd) at child development clinic (cdc), penang hospital, malaysia},
pengarang = {S Ramachandram},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073688991&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=3ed147d56181ccd44321c47629a4aa54},
terbitan = {03005283},
tahun = {2019},
tarikh = {2019-01-01},
jurnal = {Medical Journal of Malaysia},
isi padu = {74},
nombor = {5},
halaman = {372-376},
penerbit = {Malaysian Medical Association},
abstrak = {Objektif: To explore socio-demographics and clinical characteristics of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at Child Development Clinic (CDC), Penang Hospital. Study design: A record review study of 331 children with ASD attending CDC, Penang Hospital from September 2013 to April 2017. Keputusan: Daripada 331 children with ASD, 82.5% were males, 17.5% perempuan, with male to female ratio of 4.7:1. Mean age at consultation was 5 years and 6 bulan (SD 31.68 bulan) with age range from 19 months to 18 years and 4 bulan. 85.8% were term infants with normal birth weight. History of speech regression was noted in 14.8%, epilepsy and genetic disorders in 9.4% dan 5.7% masing-masing. Sleep problems was reported in 29.3%, dietary issues 22.1%, challenging behaviour 24.2% and ADHD 14.2%. Mean age of the father and mother at birth was 33.6 dan 31.6 years respectively. Kesimpulannya: Dalam kajian ini, we report a higher male to female ratio and mean age at referral with some similar rates of neurodevelopmental and medical comorbidities and relatively younger parental age with higher parental education levels. © 2019, Malaysian Medical Association. Hak cipta terpelihara.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 0},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Artikel, Asthma, Autisme, Birth Weight, Pembangunan kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Chinese, Conception, Demografi, Diet Restriction, DSM-5, Eczema, Pendidikan, Educational Status, Epilepsi, Perempuan, Genetic Disorder, Heart Atrium Septum Defect, Heart Ventricle Septum Defect, Manusia, Orang India, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malay, Lelaki, Medical Record Review, Pulau Pinang, Prematurity, Gangguan Pertuturan, Upper Respiratory Tract Congestion, Wakefulness},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Siah201559,
tajuk = {Sense of coherence and WHOQoL among parents of children with ASD in Malaysia},
pengarang = {P -C Siah and S -H Tan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922567900&doi=10.1515%2fijdhd-2013-0039&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=a909c24c26550aebe2c8922063d70001},
doi = {10.1515/ijdhd-2013-0039},
terbitan = {21911231},
tahun = {2015},
tarikh = {2015-01-01},
jurnal = {International Journal on Disability and Human Development},
isi padu = {14},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {59-66},
penerbit = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstrak = {Studies have shown that most parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face more stress and have a poorer quality of life (QoL) than other parents. Walaupun begitu, there are still some parents of children with ASD who are able to maintain or even improve their QoL. This study is aimed to explore the relationship between SoC and WHOQoL among parents of children with ASD. Kaedah: Sejumlah 96 parents of children with ASD were invited to participate using a purposive sampling method. Keputusan: The results suggested that participants in the high SoC group had better QoL in the four domains than those in the low SoC group. More importantly, not all types of SoC were relevant to QoL. Comprehensibility was relevant to all the four QoL domains and manageability was relevant to physical and psychological health, while meaningfulness was not relevant to any of the QoL domains. Kesimpulannya: NGOs may improve the QoL of these parents by providing trainings to improve their SOC, especially in comprehensibility and manageability. © 2015 by De Gruyter.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 2},
kata kunci = {Dewasa, umur, Artikel, Autisme, Anak-anak, Kefahaman, Pendidikan, Pekerjaan, Faktor Persekitaran, Perempuan, Jantina, Han Chinese, Health, Housewife, Manusia, Income, Orang India, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malay, Malaysia, Lelaki, Marriage, Kesihatan mental, Sikap Ibu Bapa, Pensioner, Aspek Psikologi, Kualiti hidup, Religion, Sampling, Sense of Coherence, Interaksi Sosial},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Freeth20132569,
tajuk = {Perbandingan silang budaya ciri autistik di UK, India and Malaysia},
pengarang = {M Freeth dan E Sheppard dan R Ramachandran dan E Milne},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-84886802970&doi = 10.1007% 2fs10803-013-1808-9&rakan kongsi = 40&md5 = d8acde51c0626be3862facc1d6bc493c},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9},
terbitan = {01623257},
tahun = {2013},
tarikh = {2013-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal Autisme dan Gangguan Perkembangan},
isi padu = {43},
nombor = {11},
halaman = {2569-2583},
abstrak = {Gangguan autisme dikenali secara meluas di seluruh dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, kriteria diagnostik dan teori autisme didasarkan pada penyelidikan yang kebanyakannya dilakukan dalam budaya Barat. Di sini kita membandingkan ekspresi sifat autistik dalam sampel individu neurotipikal dari satu budaya Barat (UK) dan dua budaya Timur (India and Malaysia), menggunakan Autisme-spektrum Quotient (AQ) untuk mengenal pasti kemungkinan perbezaan budaya dalam penyataan sifat autistik. Tingkah laku yang berkaitan dengan sifat autistik dilaporkan pada tahap yang lebih besar dalam budaya Timur daripada budaya Barat. Lelaki mendapat markah lebih tinggi daripada pelajar perempuan dan pelajar sains mendapat markah lebih tinggi daripada pelajar bukan sains dalam setiap budaya. Pelajar India mendapat markah lebih tinggi daripada kedua-dua kumpulan lain pada sub-skala Imaginasi, Pelajar Malaysia mendapat markah lebih tinggi daripada kedua-dua kumpulan lain pada sub skala Attention Switching. Struktur faktor asas AQ untuk setiap populasi diperoleh dan dibincangkan. © 2013 Springer Science + Business Media New York.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 39},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Dewasa, Artikel, Kumpulan Leluhur Benua Asia, Perhatian, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Kuantiti Spektrum Autisme, Kemahiran komunikasi, Kajian Perbandingan, Perbandingan Merentas Budaya, Faktor Budaya, Etnik, Perempuan, Great Britain, Manusia, Eksperimen Manusia, Khayalan, India, Orang India, Malaysia, Lelaki, Keperibadian, Fenotip, Pelajar Pascasiswazah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Psikometri, Soal selidik, Faktor Seks, Penyesuaian Sosial, Spektrum, Pelajar, Pelajar Prasiswazah, United Kingdom, Dewasa Muda},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Salih2012244,
tajuk = {Characteristics of seizure frequency among Malaysian children diagnosed with structural-metabolic epilepsy},
pengarang = {M R M Salih and M B Bahari and M A A Hassali and A A Shafie and O Q B Al-Lela and A Y Abd and V M Ganesan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870233746&doi=10.4103%2f0976-3147.102596&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=039bd22d6c38366ebfdd00a4254c20f0},
doi = {10.4103/0976-3147.102596},
terbitan = {09763147},
tahun = {2012},
tarikh = {2012-01-01},
jurnal = {Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice},
isi padu = {3},
nombor = {3},
halaman = {244-250},
abstrak = {Pengenalan: Seizure-free patients or substantial reduction in seizure frequency are the most important outcome measures in the management of epilepsy. The study aimed to evaluate the patterns of seizure frequency and its relationship with demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Over a period of 6 bulan, the required data were extracted from the medical records using a pre-designed data collection form. Keputusan: Seizure frequency showed no significant association with patient's demographics and clinical characteristic. Walau bagaimanapun, significant reduction in seizure frequency from the baseline to the last follow-up visit was only seen in certain subgroups of patients including Malays, perempuan, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability, and patients with focal seizure. There was no significant association between seizure frequency and rate of adverse events. Polytherapy visits were associated with higher seizure frequency than monotherapy visits (27.97 ± 56.66, 10.94 ± 30.96 attack per month, respectively) (P < 0.001). There was a clear tendency to get antiepileptic drugs used at doses above the recommended range in polytherapy (8.4%) rather than in monotherapy (1.4%) visits (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between seizure frequency and number of visits per patient per year (r = 0.450, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Among children with structural-metabolic epilepsy, Malays, females, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability and patients manifested with focal seizure are more responsive antiepileptic drug therapy than the other subgroups of patients.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 1},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Anticonvulsive Agent, Artikel, Autisme, Benign Childhood Epilepsy, Brain Disease, Carbamazepine, Cerebral Palsy, Anak-anak, Chinese, Clonazepam, Analisis Kohort, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Kajian Terkawal, Corpus Callosum Agenesis, Dandy Walker Syndrome, Degenerative Disease, Gangguan Perkembangan, Disorders of Mitochondrial Functions, Sindrom Down, Epilepsi, Etnik, Etiracetam, Perempuan, Focal Epilepsy, Happy Puppet Syndrome, Manusia, Hydrocephalus, Orang India, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Lamotrigine, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malay, Lelaki, Medical Record, Microcephaly, Monotherapy, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Kajian Retrospektif, Budak sekolah, Seizure, Structural Metabolic Epilepsy, Tuberous Sclerosis, Valproic Acid, Wilson Disease},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}