@artikel{Pichitpunpong2019,
tajuk = {Analisis subkumpulan fenotip dan multi-omik mendedahkan perencat pengikat diazepam yang berkurangan (DBI) tahap protein dalam gangguan spektrum autisme dengan gangguan bahasa yang teruk},
pengarang = {C Pichitpunpong dan S Thongkorn dan S Kanlayaprasit dan W Yuwattana dan W Plaingam dan S Sangsuthum dan W M Aizat dan SN Baharum dan T Tencomnao dan V W Hu dan T Sarachana},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063617126&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0214198&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=0a4c25481edee56984a59de94fedc414},
doi = {10.1371/jurnal.pone.0214198},
terbitan = {19326203},
tahun = {2019},
tarikh = {2019-01-01},
jurnal = {PLoS SATU},
isi padu = {14},
nombor = {3},
penerbit = {Perpustakaan Awam Sains},
abstrak = {Latar Belakang Mekanisme yang mendasari gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD) tetap tidak jelas, dan biomarker klinikal belum tersedia untuk ASD. Perbezaan dalam protein disregulasi dalam ASD telah menunjukkan sedikit kebolehulangan, yang sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh heterogeniti ASD. Kajian terkini telah menunjukkan bahawa subkumpulan kes ASD berdasarkan fenotip klinikal berguna untuk mengenal pasti gen calon yang didisregulasi dalam subkumpulan ASD. Walau bagaimanapun, strategi ini tidak digunakan dalam analisis pemprofilan protein untuk mengenal pasti protein biomarker ASD untuk subkumpulan tertentu. Kaedah Oleh itu, kami menjalankan analisis kelompok Temuduga Diagnostik Autisme-Disemak (ADI-R) markah daripada 85 individu yang mempunyai ASD untuk meramalkan subkumpulan dan kemudiannya mengenal pasti gen disregulasi dengan menganalisis semula profil transkrip individu yang mempunyai ASD dan individu yang tidak terjejas. Profil protein garisan sel limfoblastoid daripada individu ini dilakukan melalui elektroforesis 2D-gel, dan kemudian spektrometri jisim. Protein yang terganggu telah dikenal pasti dan dibandingkan dengan transkrip yang tidak dikawal dan melaporkan protein yang tidak dikawal daripada kajian protein sebelumnya. Fungsi biologi telah diramalkan menggunakan
Analisis Laluan Kecerdikan (IPA) program. Protein terpilih juga dianalisis oleh Western blotting. Keputusan Analisis kelompok data ADI-R mendedahkan empat subkumpulan ASD, termasuk ASD dengan kecacatan bahasa yang teruk, dan pemprofilan transkriptom mengenal pasti gen tidak terkawal dalam setiap subkumpulan. Pemeriksaan melalui analisis proteome didedahkan 82 protein yang diubah dalam subkumpulan ASD dengan gangguan bahasa yang teruk. Lapan belas daripada protein ini dikenal pasti lagi oleh nano-LC-MS/MS. Antara protein ini, empat belas telah diramalkan oleh IPA dikaitkan dengan fungsi neurologi dan keradangan. Antara protein ini, perencat pengikat diazepam (DBI) protein telah disahkan oleh analisis Western blot untuk dinyatakan pada tahap penurunan yang ketara dalam subkumpulan ASD dengan gangguan bahasa yang teruk, dan tahap ekspresi DBI dikaitkan dengan markah beberapa item ADI-R. Kesimpulan Dengan subkumpulan individu dengan ASD berdasarkan fenotip klinikal, dan kemudian melakukan analisis transkriptom-proteome bersepadu, kami mengenal pasti DBI sebagai protein calon baru untuk ASD dengan gangguan bahasa yang teruk. Mekanisme protein ini dan potensi penggunaannya sebagai biomarker ASD memerlukan kajian lanjut. © 2019 Pihitpunpong et al. Ini ialah artikel akses terbuka yang diedarkan di bawah syarat Lesen Atribusi Creative Commons, yang membenarkan penggunaan tanpa had, pengedaran, dan pembiakan dalam mana-mana medium, dengan syarat penulis dan sumber asal dikreditkan.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 4},
kata kunci = {Artikel, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Mengikat Protein, Penanda Biologi, Penanda bio, Talian Sel, Kajian Terkawal, Gangguan Perkembangan, Gangguan Bahasa Perkembangan, Perencat Pengikat Diazepam, Protein Perencat Pengikat Diazepam, Keterukan Penyakit, Perempuan, Analisis Genetik, Manusia, Sel Manusia, Keradangan, Gangguan Perkembangan Bahasa, Ketidakupayaan Bahasa, Kromatografi Cecair-Spektrometri Jisim, Sel Limfoblastoid, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Lelaki, Metabolisme, Fenotip, Analisis Protein, Ekspresi Protein, Fungsi Protein, Proteome, Proteomik, Peraturan Transkripsi, Transkriptom, Dadah yang tidak dikelaskan, Blotting Barat},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Toh201828,
tajuk = {Ketepatan Senarai Semak Perubahan untuk Autisme pada Kanak-kanak (M-CHAT) dalam Mengesan Autisme dan Gangguan Perkembangan Lain di Klinik Komuniti},
pengarang = {T -H Toh dan V W -Y Tan dan P S -T Lau dan A Kiyu},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-85028764085&doi=10.1007/s10803-017-3287-x&rakan kongsi = 40&md5 = 21bce2407197b8b1e43b4420d274861b},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-017-3287-x},
terbitan = {01623257},
tahun = {2018},
tarikh = {2018-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal Autisme dan Gangguan Perkembangan},
isi padu = {48},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {28-35},
penerbit = {Springer New York LLC},
abstrak = {Kajian ini menentukan ketepatan Senarai Semak Modifikasi untuk Autisme pada Balita (M-CHAT) dalam mengesan balita dengan gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD) dan gangguan perkembangan lain (DD) di klinik kesihatan ibu dan anak. Kami menganalisis 19,297 kanak-kanak yang layak (15–36 bulan) yang telah melakukan M-CHAT pada tahun 2006-2011. Sensitiviti keseluruhan untuk mengesan ASD dan semua DD adalah lemah tetapi lebih baik pada 21 ke <27 months and 27–36-month age cohorts (54.5–64.3%). Although positive predictive value (PPV) was poor for ASD, especially the younger cohort, positive M-CHAT helped in detecting all DD (PPV = 81.6%). This suggested M-CHAT for screening ASD was accurate for older cohorts (>21 bulan) dan alat saringan yang berguna untuk semua DD. © 2017, Springer Science + Media Perniagaan, LLC.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 9},
kata kunci = {Artikel, Autisme, Penilaian Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Senarai semak, Anak-anak, Analisis Kohort, Kajian Kohort, Pusat Kesihatan Komuniti, Gangguan Perkembangan, Ketepatan Diagnostik, Perempuan, Pusat kesihatan, Manusia, Bayi, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malaysia, Lelaki, Pemeriksaan Massa, Senarai Semak yang Diubahsuai untuk Autisme pada Kanak-kanak, Hospital Pediatrik, Nilai Ramalan, Prasekolah, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Prosedur, Psikologi, Kajian Retrospektif, Kajian Retrospektif, Kepekaan dan Kekhususan, Piawaian, Kanak-kanak kecil},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Tsuchida2018538,
tajuk = {GRIN2D variants in three cases of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy},
pengarang = {N Tsuchida and K Hamada and M Shiina and M Kato and Y Kobayashi and J Tohyama and K Kimura and K Hoshino and V Ganesan and K W Teik and M Nakashima and S Mitsuhashi and T Mizuguchi and A Takata and N Miyake and H Saitsu and K Ogata and S Miyatake and N Matsumoto},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056487337&doi=10.1111%2fcge.13454&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=f0d32670db57261820bc244943cffd62},
doi = {10.1111/cge.13454},
terbitan = {00099163},
tahun = {2018},
tarikh = {2018-01-01},
jurnal = {Clinical Genetics},
isi padu = {94},
nombor = {6},
halaman = {538-547},
penerbit = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
abstrak = {N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate-activated ion channels that are widely distributed in the central nervous system and essential for brain development and function. Dysfunction of NMDA receptors has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. Baru-baru ini, a de novo recurrent GRIN2D missense variant was found in two unrelated patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Dalam kajian ini, we identified by whole exome sequencing novel heterozygous GRIN2D missense variants in three unrelated patients with severe developmental delay and intractable epilepsy. All altered residues were highly conserved across vertebrates and among the four GluN2 subunits. Structural consideration indicated that all three variants are probably to impair GluN2D function, either by affecting intersubunit interaction or altering channel gating activity. We assessed the clinical features of our three cases and compared them to those of the two previously reported GRIN2D variant cases, and found that they all show similar clinical features. This study provides further evidence of GRIN2D variants being causal for epilepsy. Genetic diagnosis for GluN2-related disorders may be clinically useful when considering drug therapy targeting NMDA receptors. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd},
nota = {dipetik oleh 4},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Allele, Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acid Substitution, Amino Terminal Sequence, Anemia, Antibiotic Agent, Antibiotic Therapy, Artikel, Atonic Seizure, Gangguan Defisit Perhatian, Autisme, Binding Affinity, Otak, Brain Atrophy, Carbamazepine, Laporan kes, Channel Gating, Kimia, Anak-anak, Artikel Klinikal, Clinical Feature, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Conformational Transition, Continuous Infusion, Contracture, Crystal Structure, Cysteine Ethyl Ester Tc 99m, Kelewatan Perkembangan, Gangguan Perkembangan, Elektroencephalogram, Elektroensefalografi, Epilepsi, Epileptic Discharge, Ethosuximide, Eye Tracking, Febrile Convulsion, Perempuan, Frontal Lobe Epilepsy, Gen, Gene Frequency, Genetic Variation, Genetik, Genotype, GRIN2D Protein, Heterozygosity, Home Oxygen Therapy, Manusia, Sel Manusia, Hydrogen Bond, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Intelligence Quotient, Intractable Epilepsy, Ketamine, Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, Levetiracetam, Magnetoencephalography, Lelaki, Maternal Hypertension, Melatonin, Migraine, Missense Mutation, Molecular Dynamics, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Mutation, Myoclonus Seizure, N Methyl Dextro Aspartic Acid Receptor, N Methyl Dextro Aspartic Acid Receptor 2D, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Neonatal Pneumonia, Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neuroimaging, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phenobarbital, Premature Labor, Prasekolah, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Protein Conformation, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint, Pyridoxine, Receptors, Respiratory Arrest, Sanger Sequencing, Budak sekolah, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Sleep Disordered Breathing, Static Electricity, Stridor, Structure-Activity Relationship, Subglottic Stenosis, Superior Temporal Gyrus, Supramarginal Gyrus, Thiopental, Tonic Seizure, Valproic Acid, Wakefulness, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Whole Exome Sequencing},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Aziz2018574,
tajuk = {Intervensi robot humanoid dengan autisme: Model konsep dalam menunjukkan tindak balas emosi kanak-kanak autisme},
pengarang = {A A Aziz dan F F M Moganan dan M Mokhsin dan N Sakamat dan A Ismail},
penyunting = {Levy Mohd Lokman Chen P A K Koyama S. Yamanaka T.},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044186403&doi=10.1007/978-981-10-8612-0_60&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=76beda967357c1b4445593f4f3bb00fe},
doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-8612-0_60},
terbitan = {21945357},
tahun = {2018},
tarikh = {2018-01-01},
jurnal = {Kemajuan dalam Sistem Pintar dan Pengkomputeran},
isi padu = {739},
halaman = {574-579},
penerbit = {Springer Verlag},
abstrak = {Autisme adalah gangguan perkembangan sepanjang hayat yang sering dikaitkan dengan ketidakupayaan untuk berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain dengan cara yang bermakna. Beberapa kajian sebenarnya telah membuktikan bahawa individu yang mempunyai autisme menghadapi kesukaran untuk mengekstrak dan mentafsir emosi orang lain.. Ini telah membawa kepada salah percaya bahawa individu yang mempunyai autisme tidak mempunyai emosi. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahawa berdasarkan pencetus yang betul, individu autisme akan menunjukkan tahap tindak balas emosi tertentu. Dengan objektif utamanya ialah (i) Untuk mengkaji penyelidikan terdahulu tentang kesan Intervensi Robot Humanoid terhadap tindak balas emosi kanak-kanak autisme dan (ii) Untuk menggambarkan model konsep yang boleh meningkatkan lagi tindak balas emosi kanak-kanak autisme, adalah dengan harapan terbaik model itu dapat membantu penyelidik dalam memahami tindak balas emosi kanak-kanak autistik semasa terlibat dengan robot humanoid., dengan itu boleh membantu dalam mewujudkan sesi interaksi yang lebih bermakna dan berjaya. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 0},
kata kunci = {Robot Anthropomorphic, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Kanak-kanak Autistik, Kanak-kanak dengan Autisme, Model Konseptual, Gangguan Perkembangan, Penyakit, Emosi, Respons Emosi, Robot Humanoid, Robotik, Robot},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{JoginderSingh2017110,
tajuk = {Reflections of Malaysian parents of children with developmental disabilities on their experiences with AAC},
pengarang = {S Joginder Singh and N H Hussein and R Mustaffa Kamal and F H Hassan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017131769&doi=10.1080%2f07434618.2017.1309457&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=067c39e0c318e76caff96b29bb4dbb21},
doi = {10.1080/07434618.2017.1309457},
terbitan = {07434618},
tahun = {2017},
tarikh = {2017-01-01},
jurnal = {AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication},
isi padu = {33},
nombor = {2},
halaman = {110-120},
penerbit = {Taylor and Francis Ltd},
abstrak = {Parents play an important role in the successful implementation of AAC. Previous research has indicated that parents in different countries have varying perceptions about the use of AAC and face different challenges in its implementation. Sehingga kini, there is limited information about the use of AAC by children in Malaysia or parents’ views about its use. The aim of this study was to explore Malaysian parents’ perception of AAC and their experience when supporting their children who use AAC. Untuk kajian ini, 12 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy were involved in semi-structured individual interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze interview data. Following analysis, three themes were identified: (a) impact of the use of AAC, (b) challenges faced, dan (c) hopes and expectations. Participants reported that the use of AAC had a positive impact on their children, but that they faced challenges related to the child, the settings, and the system itself, as well as a lack of time and support. Findings from this study provide an insight for Malaysian speech therapists about the challenges faced by parents when supporting their children who use AAC, and how important it is to overcome these challenges to ensure successful implementation of AAC. © 2017 International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 10},
kata kunci = {Dewasa, Sikap Terhadap Kesihatan, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Anak-anak, Communication Aid, Communication Aids for Disabled, Gangguan Komunikasi, Communication Disorders, Ketidakupayaan Perkembangan, Gangguan Perkembangan, Disabilities, Penyakit, Keluarga, Perempuan, Manusia, Human Rehabilitation Engineering, Malaysia, Lelaki, Pertengahan umur, Ibu bapa, Prasekolah, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Qualitative Research},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Azahari2017391,
tajuk = {Pengalaman pengguna bantuan sosial autisme dalam kalangan kanak-kanak autisme: Permohonan bantuan sosial AUTISME},
pengarang = {I N N A Azahari dan W F Wan Ahmad dan A S Hashim dan Z Jamaludin},
penyunting = {Robinson Smeaton Terutoshi Badioze Zaman Jaafar Mohamad Ali P A F T H A N Shih T.K. Velastin S.},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035144320&doi=10.1007/978-3-319-70010-6_36&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=be011b83ad6f806d1c23182f1e9250a2},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-70010-6_36},
terbitan = {03029743},
tahun = {2017},
tarikh = {2017-01-01},
jurnal = {Nota Kuliah dalam Sains Komputer (termasuk subseries Nota Kuliah dalam Artificial Intelligence dan Lecture Notes dalam Bioinformatics)},
isi padu = {10645 LNCS},
halaman = {391-397},
penerbit = {Springer Verlag},
abstrak = {Autisme ialah ketidakupayaan perkembangan yang mempengaruhi sejumlah besar kemahiran harian, yang merangkumi sosial, cabaran komunikasi dan tingkah laku. Teknologi telah terbukti sebagai salah satu pengantaraan segera dan kaedah pendidikan yang cekap yang membawa kepada peningkatan yang tidak terhingga terutamanya untuk kanak-kanak. Kanak-kanak autisme nampaknya mengalami kesukaran dalam komunikasi dan kemahiran sosial dan akibatnya memerlukan sokongan guru dan ibu bapa mereka dengan interaksi sosial mereka.. Pelbagai amalan dan pendekatan pendidikan telah dijalankan bagi membantu serta membangunkan kanak-kanak ini. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan hasil ujian pengalaman pengguna aplikasi mudah alih Autism Social-Aid kepada kanak-kanak autisme. Sesi ini dijalankan kepada kanak-kanak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme berfungsi sederhana, daripada dua kumpulan umur berbeza yang termasuk 5–14 tahun dan 14–18 tahun. Reaksi kanak-kanak telah diperhatikan dan dijaringkan oleh moderator. Keputusan menunjukkan majoriti kanak-kanak autisme lebih yakin dan berpuas hati apabila menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Aplikasi ini perlu dipertingkatkan dengan cara yang boleh menarik perhatian kanak-kanak terhadap aktiviti mudah alih. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 0},
kata kunci = {Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Kanak-kanak Autistik, Kanak-kanak dengan Autisme, Gangguan Perkembangan, Penyakit, Pendidikan, Aplikasi Mudah Alih, Pengkomputeran Mudah Alih, Sistem Telekomunikasi Mudah Alih, Komunikasi Sosial, Interaksi Sosial, Mengajar, Pengalaman pengguna},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Bhat2014841,
tajuk = {Autisme: Cause factors, early diagnosis and therapies},
pengarang = {S Bhat and U R Acharya and H Adeli and G M Bairy and A Adeli},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925284617&doi=10.1515%2frevneuro-2014-0056&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=caaa32e66af70e70ec325241d01564c9},
doi = {10.1515/revneuro-2014-0056},
terbitan = {03341763},
tahun = {2014},
tarikh = {2014-01-01},
jurnal = {Reviews in the Neurosciences},
isi padu = {25},
nombor = {6},
halaman = {841-850},
penerbit = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstrak = {Gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by neuropsychological and behavioral deficits. Cognitive impairment, lack of social skills, and stereotyped behavior are the major autistic symptoms, visible after a certain age. It is one of the fastest growing disabilities. Its current prevalence rate in the U.S. estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 1 dalam 68 births. The genetic and physiological structure of the brain is studied to determine the pathology of autism, but diagnosis of autism at an early age is challenging due to the existing phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity among ASD individuals. Volumetric and neuroimaging techniques are explored to elucidate the neuroanatomy of the ASD brain. Nuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of ASD. This paper presents a review of the types of autism, etiologies, early detection, and treatment of ASD. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 52},
kata kunci = {4 Aminobutyric Acid, Remaja, Agenesis of Corpus Callosum, Animal Assisted Therapy, Anticonvulsive Agent, Artikel, Teknologi Bantuan, Perhatian, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Behaviour Therapy, Penanda Biologi, Otak, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Kognisi, Cystine, Gangguan Perkembangan, Penyakit, Dolphin, Dolphin Assisted Therapy, DSM-5, Early Diagnosis, Emosi, Ekspresi wajah, Pengimejan Resonans Magnetik Berfungsi, Functional Neuroimaging, Gaze, Glutathione, Glutathione Disulfide, Manusia, Bayi, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Methionine, Keradangan Sistem Saraf, Neurobiology, Neurofeedback, Oxidative Stress, Meresap, Fisiologi, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Psychoeducation, Budak sekolah, Interaksi Sosial, Terapi ucapan, Realiti maya, Zonisamide},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Shobana201416,
tajuk = {Comparative study on attitudes and psychological problems of mothers towards their children with developmental disability},
pengarang = {M Shobana and C Saravanan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898619897&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=e877e03b868d1a11ed8f859a33057d5d},
terbitan = {20789947},
tahun = {2014},
tarikh = {2014-01-01},
jurnal = {East Asian Archives of Psychiatry},
isi padu = {24},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {16-22},
penerbit = {Hong Kong Academy of Medicine Press},
abstrak = {Objektif: Parents' positive attitudes and psychological wellbeing play an important role in the development of the children with developmental disability. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of psychological problems among mothers of children with autism disorder, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome. The second aim was to assess the differences in mothers' attitudes and psychological problems among their children with intellectual disability, autism disorder, and Down syndrome. The third aim was to identify whether negative attitude was a predictor of psychological problems in these mothers. Kaedah: Dalam kajian ini, 112 mothers of children having mild and moderate levels of autism disorder, Sindrom Down, and intellectual disability were assessed using the Parental Attitude Scale and General Health Questionnaire-28. Keputusan: Secara keseluruhan, mothers of children with intellectual disability were found to have the most negative attitude towards their child. Mothers of children with autism disorder exhibited higher scores on somatic symptoms, kegelisahan, and social dysfunction when compared with their counterparts with Down syndrome and intellectual disability. Negative attitude was a significant predictor of psychological problems. Kesimpulannya: Parental attitudes and psychological problems would vary among mothers of children with different types of developmental disability. © 2014 Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 6},
kata kunci = {Dewasa, Keresahan, Artikel, Attitude, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Anak-anak, Kajian Perbandingan, Kemurungan, Ketidakupayaan Perkembangan, Gangguan Perkembangan, Sindrom Down, Pendidikan, Perempuan, General Health Questionnaire 28, Home Care, Hostility, Manusia, Kecacatan Intelektual, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malaysia, Lelaki, Gangguan Mental, Mother Child Relation, Mothers, Named Inventories, Sikap Ibu Bapa, Parental Attitude Scale, Kelaziman, Psychological Well Being, Soal selidik, Skala penilaian, Budak sekolah, Social Disability},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{ISI:000217241600014,
tajuk = {Mentalizing in autism: Interpreting facial expressions, following gaze, reading body language and inferring traits},
pengarang = {Peter Mitchell},
terbitan = {2247-6377},
tahun = {2013},
tarikh = {2013-01-01},
jurnal = {JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES & PSYCHOLOGY},
isi padu = {3},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {111-120},
penerbit = {PETROLEUM-GAS UNIV PLOIESTI},
alamat = {BD BUCURESTI 39, PLOIESTI, 100680, ROMANIA},
abstrak = {Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder occurring at about the rate
of one per hundred of the population. Past research has been interpreted
to suggest that people with autism have profound deficits in
understanding people's minds. The research summarized in this article
suggests, namun begitu, that high functioning adults with autism differ in
but a subtle way from comparison participants in the cognitive
underpinnings of their social functioning. In particular, it seems
participants with autism are fairly effective in interpreting
psychological information from another person's eyes, are effective in
following gaze and to some degree they are successful in guessing what
happened to a person from their body language. In all of these skills,
people with autism are not quite as skillful as people without autism.
Speculations are offered on how developmental factors might contribute
to lack of opportunity to refine cognitive skills associated with
interpersonal activities in people with autism.},
kata kunci = {Autisme, Gangguan Perkembangan, Mentalizing, Social Functioning},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Miskam2013573,
tajuk = {Study on social interaction between children with autism and humanoid robot NAO},
pengarang = {M A Miskam and M A C Hamid and H Yussof and S Shamsuddin and N A Malik and S N Basir},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886245367&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMM.393.573&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=95d6cec2dc5888c99213397d5b94b003},
doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.393.573},
terbitan = {16609336},
tahun = {2013},
tarikh = {2013-01-01},
jurnal = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
isi padu = {393},
halaman = {573-578},
abstrak = {Autism cannot run away from their triangle deficits: sosial, communication and stereotyped behaviour. There is no cure for autism or any definitive treatment to treat the core symptoms of this developmental disorder. Walau bagaimanapun, the deficits can be minimized by maximize their learning through behavioural therapy and educational intervention. Pada masa kini, the methods in the rehabilitation of autism have been upgraded by the innovation of humanoid robots, in particular the humanoid robot NAO. Dalam kajian ini, NAO has being programmed using Choregraphe as programming tool to develop lesson modules for children with autism to practice their social interaction skill. This paper focuses specifically on social interaction subscale to observe the behaviour of the autistic children during interaction with the humanoid robot NAO. The observation is based on six items referenced from the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-second edition (GUYS-2). The use of humanoid robot NAO in the rehabilitation of autistic children is expected to help them to interact and practice their social traits just like normal children. The results evidently showed that children with autism are positively affected by NAO by giving encouraging responses in social interaction when interacting with the robot. Two-way communication between the child and robot in real time significantly give positive impact in the responses towards the robot. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 10},
kata kunci = {Robot Anthropomorphic, Autisme, Kanak-kanak dengan Autisme, Komunikasi, Gangguan Perkembangan, Penyakit, Pendidikan, Educational Intervention, Interaksi Robot Manusia, Robot Humanoid, Humanoid Robot NAO, Mechanical Engineering, Pemulihan Pesakit, Interaksi Sosial, Sains Sosial, Two-Way Communications},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Clark201245,
tajuk = {Pandangan awal mengenai kualiti hidup keluarga Malaysia yang merangkumi kanak-kanak kurang upaya},
pengarang = {M Clark dan R Brown dan R Karrapaya},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-83855165819&doi=10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01408.x&rakan kongsi = 40&md5 = 4822406179501d1b0b93c5374e383637},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01408.x},
terbitan = {09642633},
tahun = {2012},
tarikh = {2012-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal Penyelidikan Kecacatan Intelektual},
isi padu = {56},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {45-60},
abstrak = {Latar Belakang Walaupun terdapat banyak literatur dalam kualiti hidup keluarga yang merangkumi anak-anak kurang upaya, majoriti penyelidikan telah dilakukan di negara-negara barat. Kajian ini memberikan penerokaan awal mengenai kualiti hidup keluarga Malaysia yang merangkumi anak-anak yang kurang upaya perkembangan / intelektual. Dinamika yang mencirikan masyarakat Malaysia digambarkan sebagai perkembangan dalam dasar sosial dan penyediaan perkhidmatan yang menyokong orang kurang upaya dan keluarga mereka. Data Kaedah Soal Selidik dikumpulkan menggunakan Tinjauan Kualiti Hidup Keluarga - Versi pendek. Anggota 52 keluarga yang merangkumi satu atau dua kanak-kanak kurang upaya ditemu ramah. Respons mereka memberikan persepsi mereka dalam enam dimensi kualiti hidup keluarga di sembilan domain kehidupan yang dinilai. Hasil Dapatan menunjukkan corak penilaian 'penting' yang dirasakan kuat pada setiap domain kehidupan berbanding dengan penilaian min untuk dimensi kualiti hidup keluarga yang lain. Beberapa dimensi kualiti hidup keluarga, khususnya 'peluang', ínitiative 'dan áttainment', menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat antara satu sama lain. Keseluruhan cara kepuasan dengan dan pencapaian kualiti hidup keluarga serta penilaian global terhadap kualiti hidup dan kepuasan semua menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan, walaupun setiap korelasi ini menyumbang kurang daripada 50% dari varians biasa. Kesimpulan Peringkat kepentingan dapat dilihat sebagai faktor penentu dari segi kualiti hidup, dan memainkan peranan penting dalam menyokong pencapaian, dan kepuasan dengan, kualiti hidup keluarga, menanggung peluang, inisiatif dan kestabilan mencukupi. Keperluan untuk sampel yang lebih luas termasuk keluarga yang tidak menerima perkhidmatan diperhatikan. Soalan penyelidikan masa depan berdasarkan hasil kajian semasa dan beberapa dinamika yang mempengaruhi masyarakat Malaysia juga dicadangkan. © 2011 Penulis. Jurnal Penyelidikan Kecacatan Intelektual © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 16},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Dewasa, Artikel, Autisme, Pengasuh, Cerebral Palsy, Anak-anak, Kos Penyakit, Perbandingan Merentas Budaya, Ketidakupayaan Perkembangan, Gangguan Perkembangan, Kanak-kanak Kurang Upaya, Sindrom Down, Keluarga, Kesihatan Keluarga, Perempuan, Penjagaan Kesihatan, Penyampaian Penjagaan Kesihatan, Tinjauan Kesihatan, Manusia, Kecacatan Intelektual, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Kepuasan Hidup, Malaysia, Lelaki, Ibu bapa, Dasar, Prasekolah, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Psikometrik, Kualiti hidup, Soal selidik, Budak sekolah, Sokongan Sosial, Faktor Sosioekonomi},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Salih2012244,
tajuk = {Characteristics of seizure frequency among Malaysian children diagnosed with structural-metabolic epilepsy},
pengarang = {M R M Salih and M B Bahari and M A A Hassali and A A Shafie and O Q B Al-Lela and A Y Abd and V M Ganesan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870233746&doi=10.4103%2f0976-3147.102596&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=039bd22d6c38366ebfdd00a4254c20f0},
doi = {10.4103/0976-3147.102596},
terbitan = {09763147},
tahun = {2012},
tarikh = {2012-01-01},
jurnal = {Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice},
isi padu = {3},
nombor = {3},
halaman = {244-250},
abstrak = {Pengenalan: Seizure-free patients or substantial reduction in seizure frequency are the most important outcome measures in the management of epilepsy. The study aimed to evaluate the patterns of seizure frequency and its relationship with demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Over a period of 6 bulan, the required data were extracted from the medical records using a pre-designed data collection form. Keputusan: Seizure frequency showed no significant association with patient's demographics and clinical characteristic. Walau bagaimanapun, significant reduction in seizure frequency from the baseline to the last follow-up visit was only seen in certain subgroups of patients including Malays, perempuan, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability, and patients with focal seizure. There was no significant association between seizure frequency and rate of adverse events. Polytherapy visits were associated with higher seizure frequency than monotherapy visits (27.97 ± 56.66, 10.94 ± 30.96 attack per month, respectively) (P < 0.001). There was a clear tendency to get antiepileptic drugs used at doses above the recommended range in polytherapy (8.4%) rather than in monotherapy (1.4%) visits (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between seizure frequency and number of visits per patient per year (r = 0.450, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Among children with structural-metabolic epilepsy, Malays, females, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability and patients manifested with focal seizure are more responsive antiepileptic drug therapy than the other subgroups of patients.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 1},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Anticonvulsive Agent, Artikel, Autisme, Benign Childhood Epilepsy, Brain Disease, Carbamazepine, Cerebral Palsy, Anak-anak, Chinese, Clonazepam, Analisis Kohort, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Kajian Terkawal, Corpus Callosum Agenesis, Dandy Walker Syndrome, Degenerative Disease, Gangguan Perkembangan, Disorders of Mitochondrial Functions, Sindrom Down, Epilepsi, Etnik, Etiracetam, Perempuan, Focal Epilepsy, Happy Puppet Syndrome, Manusia, Hydrocephalus, Orang India, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Lamotrigine, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malay, Lelaki, Medical Record, Microcephaly, Monotherapy, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Kajian Retrospektif, Budak sekolah, Seizure, Structural Metabolic Epilepsy, Tuberous Sclerosis, Valproic Acid, Wilson Disease},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Amar20081,
tajuk = {Meeting the needs of children with disability in Malaysia},
pengarang = {H S S Amar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-49749107033&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=968c527b940374a37322a599d3ccc812},
terbitan = {03005283},
tahun = {2008},
tarikh = {2008-01-01},
jurnal = {Medical Journal of Malaysia},
isi padu = {63},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {1-3},
nota = {dipetik oleh 20},
kata kunci = {Autisme, Behaviour Modification, Pembangunan kanak-kanak, Child Health Care, Anak-anak, Clinical Assessment, Membuat Keputusan Klinikal, Gangguan Perkembangan, Developmental Screening, Kanak-kanak Kurang Upaya, Editorial, Penjagaan Kesihatan, Penyampaian Penjagaan Kesihatan, Health Practitioner, Health Program, Tinjauan Kesihatan, Manusia, Kemerosotan Intelektual, Gangguan Pembelajaran, Malaysia, Pediatric Physiotherapy, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Physical Disability, Prasekolah, Public Health Service, Register, Kepekaan dan Kekhususan, Sensory Dysfunction, Penyesuaian Sosial, Social Welfare, Terapi ucapan, Support Group, United Kingdom, United States},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Tan200817,
tajuk = {Reassessment on the development of children with disability in Malaysia},
pengarang = {K L Tan and H Yadav},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-49649115291&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=8838ddaa3d9906d8b696be13e88f1baa},
terbitan = {03005283},
tahun = {2008},
tarikh = {2008-01-01},
jurnal = {Medical Journal of Malaysia},
isi padu = {63},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {17-20},
abstrak = {This is a cohort study investigating the profile of children with disability registered with the primary health care clinics in Malaysia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether reassessment on the development of children with disability under rehabilitation should be done at three months interval or six months interval. Secondary data from the pilot project conducted by the Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia was used in this study. The study was carried out for seven months from 1st August 2004 until 28th February 2005. Sejumlah 168 disabled children followed up for six months were selected in this study. Schedule of Growing Scale (SGS) II was the tool used for analysis. Results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean total SGS score at six months interval but not at three months interval. The result suggests that reassessment on children with Down Syndrome, Autisme, Cerebral Palsy, mental retardation and delayed speech under rehabilitation should be carried out every six months while children with gross developmental delay and slow learner might need a longer interval for reassessment.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 5},
kata kunci = {Artikel, Autisme, Pembangunan kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Clinical Assessment Tool, Analisis Kohort, Kajian Terkawal, Gangguan Perkembangan, Developmental Screening, Kanak-kanak Kurang Upaya, Sindrom Down, Keluarga, Perempuan, Susulan, Manusia, Bayi, Gangguan Pembelajaran, Kajian Klinikal Utama, Malaysia, Lelaki, Mental Deficiency, Patient Selection, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Prasekolah, Penjagaan Kesihatan Utama, Register, Gangguan Pertuturan, Statistical Significance},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}