@artikel{Alwi20155,
tajuk = {Multidisciplinary Parent Education for Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Implications for Clinical Practice},
pengarang = {N Alwi and D Harun and L Jh},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921463937&doi=10.1016%2fj.apnu.2014.09.010&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=afc618a09a89f9461c587ab56a96559a},
doi = {10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.010},
terbitan = {08839417},
tahun = {2015},
tarikh = {2015-01-01},
jurnal = {Archives of Psychiatric Nursing},
isi padu = {29},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {5},
penerbit = {W.B. Saunders},
nota = {dipetik oleh 0},
kata kunci = {Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Pengasuh, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Manusia, Ibu bapa, Meresap},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Bhat2014841,
tajuk = {Autisme: Cause factors, early diagnosis and therapies},
pengarang = {S Bhat and U R Acharya and H Adeli and G M Bairy and A Adeli},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925284617&doi=10.1515%2frevneuro-2014-0056&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=caaa32e66af70e70ec325241d01564c9},
doi = {10.1515/revneuro-2014-0056},
terbitan = {03341763},
tahun = {2014},
tarikh = {2014-01-01},
jurnal = {Reviews in the Neurosciences},
isi padu = {25},
nombor = {6},
halaman = {841-850},
penerbit = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH},
abstrak = {Gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by neuropsychological and behavioral deficits. Cognitive impairment, lack of social skills, and stereotyped behavior are the major autistic symptoms, visible after a certain age. It is one of the fastest growing disabilities. Its current prevalence rate in the U.S. estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 1 dalam 68 births. The genetic and physiological structure of the brain is studied to determine the pathology of autism, but diagnosis of autism at an early age is challenging due to the existing phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity among ASD individuals. Volumetric and neuroimaging techniques are explored to elucidate the neuroanatomy of the ASD brain. Nuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neuroimaging biomarkers can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of ASD. This paper presents a review of the types of autism, etiologies, early detection, and treatment of ASD. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 52},
kata kunci = {4 Aminobutyric Acid, Remaja, Agenesis of Corpus Callosum, Animal Assisted Therapy, Anticonvulsive Agent, Artikel, Teknologi Bantuan, Perhatian, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Behaviour Therapy, Penanda Biologi, Otak, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Kognisi, Cystine, Gangguan Perkembangan, Penyakit, Dolphin, Dolphin Assisted Therapy, DSM-5, Early Diagnosis, Emosi, Ekspresi wajah, Pengimejan Resonans Magnetik Berfungsi, Functional Neuroimaging, Gaze, Glutathione, Glutathione Disulfide, Manusia, Bayi, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Methionine, Keradangan Sistem Saraf, Neurobiology, Neurofeedback, Oxidative Stress, Meresap, Fisiologi, Kanak-kanak Prasekolah, Jurnal Keutamaan, Psychoeducation, Budak sekolah, Interaksi Sosial, Terapi ucapan, Realiti maya, Zonisamide},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Cassidy2014112,
tajuk = {Can adults with autism spectrum disorders infer what happened to someone from their emotional response?},
pengarang = {S Cassidy and D Ropar and P Mitchell and P Chapman},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894307909&doi=10.1002%2faur.1351&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=8c6736bc006e9eebde29427879d023c3},
doi = {10.1002/aur.1351},
terbitan = {19393792},
tahun = {2014},
tarikh = {2014-01-01},
jurnal = {Penyelidikan Autisme},
isi padu = {7},
nombor = {1},
halaman = {112-123},
penerbit = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
abstrak = {Can adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) infer what happened to someone from their emotional response? Millikan has argued that in everyday life, others' emotions are most commonly used to work out the antecedents of behavior, an ability termed retrodictive mindreading. As those with ASD show difficulties interpreting others' emotions, we predicted that these individuals would have difficulty with retrodictive mindreading. Sixteen adults with high-functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome and 19 typically developing adults viewed 21 video clips of people reacting to one of three gifts (chocolate, monopoly money, or a homemade novelty) and then inferred what gift the recipient received and the emotion expressed by that person. Participants' eye movements were recorded while they viewed the videos. Results showed that participants with ASD were only less accurate when inferring who received a chocolate or homemade gift. This difficulty was not due to lack of understanding what emotions were appropriate in response to each gift, as both groups gave consistent gift and emotion inferences significantly above chance (genuine positive for chocolate and feigned positive for homemade). Those with ASD did not look significantly less to the eyes of faces in the videos, and looking to the eyes did not correlate with accuracy on the task. These results suggest that those with ASD are less accurate when retrodicting events involving recognition of genuine and feigned positive emotions, and challenge claims that lack of attention to the eyes causes emotion recognition difficulties in ASD. Autism Res 2014, 7: 112-123. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Berkala Wiley, Inc.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 21},
kata kunci = {Ketepatan, Dewasa, Aged, Artikel, Sindrom Asperger, Perhatian, Autisme, Kelakuan, Cacao, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Artikel Klinikal, Concept Formation, Kajian Terkawal, Deception, Discrimination (Psikologi), Emosi, Pergerakan Mata, Eye Tracking, Face Processing, Ekspresi wajah, Perempuan, Manusia, Interpersonal Relations, Lelaki, Pertengahan umur, Money, Meresap, Jurnal Keutamaan, Recipient, Recognition, Reference Values, Retrodictive Mindreading, Spontaneous Emotion Recognition, Theory of Mind, Video Recording, Dewasa Muda},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Pillai20142430,
tajuk = {Using other minds as a window onto the world: Guessing what happened from clues in behaviour},
pengarang = {D Pillai and E Sheppard and D Ropar and L Marsh and A Pearson and P Mitchell},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912053354&doi=10.1007%2fs10803-014-2106-x&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=c3396f6f468e37e253c657f998993859},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-014-2106-x},
terbitan = {01623257},
tahun = {2014},
tarikh = {2014-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal Autisme dan Gangguan Perkembangan},
isi padu = {44},
nombor = {10},
halaman = {2430-2439},
penerbit = {Springer New York LLC},
abstrak = {It has been proposed that mentalising involves retrodicting as well as predicting behaviour, by inferring previous mental states of a target. This study investigated whether retrodiction is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants watched videos of real people reacting to the researcher behaving in one of four possible ways. Their task was to decide which of these four ‘‘scenarios’’ each person responded to. Participants’ eye movements were recorded. Participants with ASD were poorer than comparison participants at identifying the scenario to which people in the videos were responding. There were no group differences in time spent looking at the eyes or mouth. The findings imply those with ASD are impaired in using mentalising skills for retrodiction. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 17},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Dewasa, Artikel, Autisme, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Artikel Klinikal, Kognisi, Kajian Terkawal, Pergerakan Mata, Eye Tracking, Ekspresi wajah, Gaze, Manusia, Intelligence Quotient, Lelaki, Measurement Accuracy, Mouth, Patofisiologi, Meresap, Fisiologi, Aspek Psikologi, Psikologi, Retrodiction, Task Performance, Theory of Mind, Komunikasi Lisan, Video Recording, Videotape Recording, Dewasa Muda},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Freeth2011364,
tajuk = {Brief report: How adolescents with ASD process social information in complex scenes. Combining evidence from eye movements and verbal descriptions},
pengarang = {M Freeth and D Ropar and P Mitchell and P Chapman and S Loher},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956006659&doi=10.1007%2fs10803-010-1053-4&rakan kongsi = 40&md5=35b5c8dd813f7eab2963b27081f11e78},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-010-1053-4},
terbitan = {01623257},
tahun = {2011},
tarikh = {2011-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal Autisme dan Gangguan Perkembangan},
isi padu = {41},
nombor = {3},
halaman = {364-371},
abstrak = {We investigated attention, encoding and processing of social aspects of complex photographic scenes. Twenty-four high-functioning adolescents (berumur 11-16) with ASD and 24 typically developing matched control participants viewed and then described a series of scenes, each containing a person. Analyses of eye movements and verbal descriptions provided converging evidence that both groups displayed general interest in the person in each scene but the salience of the person was reduced for the ASD participants. Namun begitu, the verbal descriptions revealed that participants with ASD frequently processed the observed person's emotion or mental state without prompting. They also often mentioned eye-gaze direction, and there was evidence from eye movements and verbal descriptions that gaze was followed accurately. The combination of evidence from eye movements and verbal descriptions provides a rich insight into the way stimuli are processed overall. The merits of using these methods within the same paradigm are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 21},
kata kunci = {Remaja, Artikel, Association, Perhatian, Autisme, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Artikel Klinikal, Kajian Terkawal, Cues, Emosi, Eye Fixation, Pergerakan Mata, Eye Tracking, Perempuan, Gaze, Manusia, Intelligence Quotient, Lelaki, Mental Function, Kesihatan mental, Persepsi, Meresap, Photic Stimulation, Photostimulation, Jurnal Keutamaan, Aspek Psikologi, Budak sekolah, Aspek Sosial, Social Perception, Stimulus Response, Komunikasi Lisan, Penglihatan, Persepsi Visual, Visual Stimulation},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}

@artikel{Kasmini1995641,
tajuk = {Sindrom Asperger: laporan dua kes dari Malaysia.},
pengarang = {K Kasmini dan S Zasmani},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid = 2-s2.0-0029445569&rakan kongsi = 40&md5 = 6280382e5c679f84eea178a916b2e19f},
terbitan = {00375675},
tahun = {1995},
tarikh = {1995-01-01},
jurnal = {Jurnal perubatan Singapura},
isi padu = {36},
nombor = {6},
halaman = {641-643},
abstrak = {Sindrom Asperger adalah varian autisme yang berbeza, dengan kadar kelaziman sebanyak 10 ke 26 per 10,000 kecerdasan normal, dan 0.4 per 10,000 pada mereka yang mengalami kerencatan mental ringan. Sindrom ini kini mempunyai kriteria entiti dan diagnostiknya sendiri. Ia secara rasmi disenaraikan dalam ICD-10 di bawah gangguan perkembangan yang meluas. Dua kes seperti ini dijelaskan dalam artikel ini. Kes Satu tidak mempunyai kemampuan untuk berhubungan dengan orang lain, terlalu sibuk dengan pelakon mendiang P. Ramlee dan memperlihatkan tingkah laku pelik menggunakan sikat gigi pada masa kecilnya. Secara kognitif, dia tidak dapat mensintesis perkataan menjadi ayat yang bermakna. Begitu juga, Kes Kedua tidak dapat berhubungan baik dengan yang lain dan sibuk dengan planet dan burujnya. Walaupun dia tampil cerdas dengan skor IQ 101, dia tidak dapat mengikuti arahan di sekolah. Kedua-dua anak mengalami kekejangan motor dan memenuhi kriteria untuk diagnosis Sindrom Asperger.},
nota = {dipetik oleh 2},
kata kunci = {Artikel, Autisme, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Laporan kes, Gangguan Perkembangan Kanak-kanak, Anak-anak, Pengelasan (maklumat), Manusia, Gangguan Perkembangan Bahasa, Ketidakupayaan Bahasa, Malaysia, Lelaki, Meresap, Skala Penarafan Status Psikiatri, Aspek Psikologi, Skala Penarafan Psikologi, Kelakuan Sosial, Kelakuan Stereotaip, Stereotaip, Sindrom},
pubstate = {diterbitkan},
tppubtype = {artikel}
}